Crossware 8051 Compiler

The Crossware 8051 Development Suite for Windows provides a complete environment in which you can develop your 8051 programs.

 

Features:

• Smart C pointers

• Code creation Wizards

• 32-bit and 64-bit floating point

• Common code merging

• Cross module optimization

• Cross module type checking

• Code and ram banking

• Debug monitor templates

• Direct control of SiLabs EC1 and EC2 emulation cartridges

• Complex drag and drop breakpoints

• Source level data breakpoints

• Multiple application debugging

• Simulation extendable to complete target system

• Multi-threaded, multi-target environment

 

The 8051 Development Suite includes:

8051 C Compiler, assembler, linker and library manager

8051 Virtual Workshop/Simulator/Debugger

Serial Port Debug Monitors

Intel iDCX51 RTOS

Embedded Development Studio

Printed and electronic manuals

Technical support and free updates for 12 months

 

 

Compiler

 

The Crossware 8051 C compiler is an ANSI standard compiler that generates code for the 8051 family of microcontrollers. It provides numerous extensions that allow access to 8051 specific features so that you can write your code completely in the C language without the need to resort to assembler code. It supports both small and large memory models so you can create code for all 8051 variants whether or not they have external ram.

 

HIGHLIGHTS

• The ANSI C compiler protects your investment by ensuring future portability of your C source.

• 8051 specific extensions enable you to access all of the resources of the 8051 and its variants from C.

• Smart pointers which can work out for themselves which memory area they are pointing to. This enables you to avoid inefficient 3 byte pointers yet still write ANSI C compatible code.

• Generates fast in-line code with a minimum of library calls for high speed performance on your target board or optionally uses library routines to minimize code size for those parts of your program where speed is less important.

• Full type checking across modules traps programming errors and ensures that your C variables, function arguments, structure members, etc are consistent across your source files and with the appropriate libraries.

• Source level debug output in IEEE695 format.

• Pre-written library routines, including high speed 32 bit and 64 bit floating point arithmetic.

• Register bank independent code.

• Easy to use C interrupt support with optional register bank switching.

• Small and large memory models.

• Place variables in any memory area.

• Supports all 8051 variants.

• Wide range of output formats.

• Integrated relocatable assembler.

• Highly user friendly Embedded Development Studio integrated development environment (see separate data sheet).

• Data output for Embedded Development Studio browser.

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TECHNICAL DETAILS

OVERVIEW

The package includes the following tools and utilities:

• optimizing ANSI C compiler

• C support libraries

• relocatable macro cross assembler

• relocating linker

• make utility

• library manager

• Embedded Development Studio which includes

  • integrated project creation and maintenance utility

  • integrated editor

  • integrated terminal emulator

  • on-line help

(The Embedded Development Studio and the relocatable macro cross assembler are described in detail in separate data sheets) All of these tools and utilities are Win32 applications built to make the most of your 32 bit computing environment. All tools can be used outside of the Embedded Development Studio if required using conventional command-line instructions.

 

OPTIMIZING C COMPILER

Language Definition
The compiler conforms to the ANSI C specification and in addition provides a number of general enhancements including:

• variables can be any length with all characters significant

• the C++ commenting convention "//" is supported

• the_interrupt keyword declares a C function as an interrupt routine

• the _persist keyword declares that a variable will retain its contents (eg. in battery backed up ram) during power down and should therefore not be initialized.

The support libraries are a subset of the ANSI standard libraries. The supported functions are listed below.

8051 specific language extensions are described below.

Data sizes
The compiler uses the following sizes for the various C data types:

char and unsigned char:	1 byte
short int and unsigned short int:	2 byte
int and unsigned int:	2 bytes
long and unsigned long:	4 bytes
float:	4 bytes (32 bits)
double:	8 bytes (64 bits)
long double:	8 bytes (64 bits)
enum:	up to 4 bytes (minimum size to accommodate members)
bit fields:	up to 32 bits
bit:	1 bit

Optimizations
Optimizations include:

8051 Language Extensions
In addition to the general extensions described above, the compiler supports numerous 8051 specific extensions which enable you to maximise your use of the internal resources of the 8051 and its variants. These include:

Smart Pointers
The compiler supports pointers that point to any specific memory area and generic 3 byte pointers that can point to all memory areas. Some 8051 C compilers default to generic 3 byte pointers unless you declare a memory specific pointer using a qualifying keyword. It is then necessary to decorate your source code with non-ANSI keywords in order to avoid program inefficiency. This decoration may be memory model specific and so if you switch memory models you have to change your source code too. The Crossware 8051 ANSI C compiler avoids this problem. Although it supports these pointer qualifiers, in most cases it is not necessary to use them. Instead any pointer that is not qualified is a smart pointer. It will then work out for itself from the way it is used what type of pointer it should be. This leaves you free to write memory model independent source code without any unnecessary loss of efficiency. For further information see Memory models, pointer types and smart pointers.

Floating Point
The Crossware 8051 ANSI C compiler supports both 32 bit and 64 bit floating point objects.

32 bit floating point objects contain only 23 bits of precision (the rest is used by the exponent and sign) and are therefore less precise than 32 bit long integers. They are however ideal for the application where low precision floating point arithmetic is all that is required. 64 bit floating point objects contain 53 bits of precision and are therefore ideal where arithmetic accuracy is an important issue.

All floating point arithmetic and normalisation routines are hand-coded in 8051 assembler to provide fast and compact library code.

Memory Models
The compiler supports a small memory model for use with chips that do not have any external ram and a large memory model for chips with external ram. Functions can be either reentrant or non-reentrant. A non-reentrant function is faster and smaller but cannot be called either directly or indirectly from within itself.

8051 Variants
The compiler supports all 8051 variants including those that require the use of the ACALL and AJMP instructions.

Debug output
The compiler generates full IEEE695 debug records. These records provide full information to a simulator or debugger that supports this IEEE695 format allowing you to single step through your C source code and watch all of your C variables. (The forthcoming Crossware 8051 simulator for Windows 95/NT provides complete support for this format). The assembler that is included with the 8051PSDS-A package also generates IEEE695 debug records and so you can single step through your assembler code too.

In-Line Assembler
The compiler provides numerous features that allow you to access the 8051 features at the C source level. Nevertheless you can still embed assembler in your C code if you wish using the #asm/#endasm directives.

 

RELOCATING LINKER

The linker combines object modules created with the compiler and/or the assembler to create the final code that will run on your target system. It carries out the following functions:

• scans each module to collect segment and variable information

• arranges and positions segments at appropriate memory locations to suit the memory organisation of the target system and any specific location information supplied by the user

 

• finalises the values of all variables and calculates the results of any incomplete expressions

 

• extracts and relocates the code from each module to produce the final target program

 

• optionally updates the listing files produced by the compiler and/or assembler adding the final absolute address information

 

• carries out a complete type check across all modules examining global variables, functions (return type, parameter types and numbers, reentrant attributes, interrupt attributes, and memory model type) and structure and union member types to ensure total program integrity

 

The linker will also construct a call tree of your C functions. It will use this to perform an overlay analysis of the local data areas of any non-reentrant functions, sharing memory wherever possible. It will report potential recursion of non-reentrant functions. At the same time, the parameter space for non-reentrant functions with variable numbers of arguments will be sized to the maximum required by any of the calls to that function.

 

The target program can be produced in a number of different formats including Intel hex, Intel OMF51, Motorola 'S' record, HP/Microtec IEEE695 format or as a binary rom image. No conversion utility has to be used - the linker directly outputs the program in the specified format.

 

An optional link map will show the final location and sizes of all segments and the values of all global variables.

LIBRARY MANAGER

Instead of being used to create a final target program, the object modules produced by the compiler and assembler can be integrated into a library. The library manager performs the tasks of:

 

MAKE UTILITY

The MAKE utility simplifies the task of keeping object files, libraries and target programs up-to-date. It detects if any source or dependency files have changed since the last build and runs the appropriate tools (compiler, assembler, linker or library manager) to rebuild out-of-date files. It supports many advanced features including macros, inference rules, conditional inclusion and other preprocessing directives and in-line files with automatic temporary file creation.

 

Although the Embedded Development Studio uses its own integrated routines to keep projects up-to-date, this stand-alone MAKE utility can be used to build projects from the command-line or from within another application. The Embedded Development Studio will automatically create a makefile which is fully compatible with this stand-alone MAKE utility.

 

RELOCATABLE MACRO CROSS ASSEMBLER

 

> Compilers

 

> Assemblers

 

> Dev Kits

 

> Debuggers

 

>Compiler Validation

 

> MISRA-C

 

> MISRA C++

> ISO-C standard

> ISO-C++ Standard

 

> Language Vulnerabilities

 

> QuEST Style Guides

 

> QuEST software Engineering

 

> QuEST C traps and pitfalls

 

> QuEST Debugging

 

> QuEST testing